Prison Term Policy Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Jail Term Policy Recommendation - Essay Example Inside the following five years, it is evaluated that sentenced detainees will expand the jail populace by 200,000. Such an uncommon increment in a populace that relies completely upon government bolster will cost twenty-seven billion dollars on the national scale (Ohlemacher). For sure, the country has effectively an enormous motion of detainees. Over the most recent thirty years, as indicated by Professor Craig Haney, detainment rates have been expanded fundamentally in the United States (Haney 2). Such figures will just put a channel on the state's monetary financial plan. In this manner, it is important to be profoundly sure of the viability of a long jail term. Since nothing is outright, and the administration ought not be viewed as a treasury for exploratory undertakings, this author stays suspicious of the circumstance. An ideal case of crime and the punitive code is that of Richard Allen Davis. As indicated by People Weekly, Davis began his criminal profession burglarizing individuals which further prompted increasingly vicious acts, for example, endeavored assault and murder. He has been in jail commonly. He had gone through in any event fourteen years in jail, however he can now never hurt anybody because of California's three strike's law which gives life sentences to convicts with three records of crime (Fields-Meyer). There are two ends I can reach from the Davis case. The first is the way that any measure of jail terms is not the slightest bit an assurance that a convict will exit with restored conduct. Truth be told, in a survey of Davis, one can nearly estimate that jail makes an individual considerably increasingly forceful and viable as a lawbreaker. My subsequent decision is that regardless of how incapable jail term is, society, when all is said in done, is protected from such a person for the time they are in jail. In this way, nobody in the free society will experience the ill effects of Davis for whatever length of time that he lives. Related to basic equipped theft, it is important to take in all perspectives it contains. It is a wrongdoing not limited to taking the material abundance or something to that affect, yet an offense that incorporates brutality. The minor truth that it is equipped is a sign that the guilty party expected to undermine demise in the event that he/she can't catch what they want. The Republican reports an occurrence of a burglarized lady, She said preceding the theft she was not reluctant to go into a city, particularly for a social occasion. Presently she feels dread in Springfield as well as different urban communities. (Spencer) This represents the illustrations impacts a basic theft can have on individuals. It isn't just lost riches, yet a brutal and mental offense. Simultaneously, be that as it may, a demonstration of revenge against brutality may not fix the issue. As per considers performed by Professor Stuart Henry, about seventy-five percent of prisoners have perpetrated separate violations before their imprisonment. That implies three out of four detainees were captured at any rate once previously. This information would recommend that jail sentences have a seventy-five percent possibility of flopping in restoring prisoners. Moreover, it is evaluated that the lack of education rate in jail is more than twofold over everyone. This shows convicts discharged from jail are uneducated and might be constrained into crime so as to endure.

Directors Use of Techniques in “Chocolat”

Independence versus similarity is a scarce difference that individuals in the public arena stroll along. This has been appeared in Chocolat, discharged in 2000 and coordinated by Lasse Hallstrom. Where Vianne and her chocolate shop speak to distinction and the Comte speaks to congruity. Hallstrom utilizes different film and sensational strategies to pass on this plan to the crowd. In Chocolat, the Comte impacts how the townspeople feel and what they believe they ought to do. This implies the Comte is the zenith of control in the town and he feels that everybody ought to adjust to the long standing traditions.The Comtes’ authority over the town is very solid as appeared in the initial scene, where the entirety of the townspeople are demonstrated to be fitting in with one another. In this scene the outfits of the townspeople are for the most part dull hues and comparable as including the Comte. This shows the townspeople are accommodating constantly, even in what they are wearin g. There is a voice over portrayal in the initial segment of the initial scene and this line; â€Å"If you lived in this town you recognized what was anticipated from you†, shows how controlling the Comte is and that the townspeople would not like to break conformity.There is a camera shot in this scene that is from Anouks perspective gazing toward the Comte. This shows his incredible figure and his authority over the townspeople. These strategies show that Comte is a controlling figure and he gets a kick out of the chance to force his emotions and contemplations on to the townspeople. Viannes nearness in the town has the contrary impact to that of the Comte. Vianne is a unique individual and this begins to come off on to the townspeople.She has her own specific manner of getting things done, for instance not going to chapel, which is against the qualities that the Comte has imparted in the townspeople. Viannes singularity is appeared in scene four where she is setting up her shop. There are close up shots of the conventional models that Vianne is putting in her shop. These differentiation extraordinarily against the sculpture appeared in the town square and show how extraordinary Vianne is to the remainder of the town. Vianne is continually wearing a garment that is red whichstands out from the apparel of the townspeople. At the point when she takes in Josephine, she additionally starts to wearing splendid hues. These outfits show Viannes impact on the townspeople and her uniqueness. In this scene, the pictures of townspeople peering round at her shop or glancing through the splits in the paper into the shop show their interest towards Vianne and the possibility of independence that she presents to them. Viannes impacts the town through her quality in their lives and her insight into independence that she shows towards them.The Comtes control is battling against the impact of Vianne simply equivalent to similarity is against uniqueness. The two charact ers need the townspeople to see the world their way. This is appeared in scene six where Vianne opens her shop just because. In this scene the Comtes house is appeared and it has dull lighting and they style of it is extremely antiquated. This shows the Comte is attempting to set a case of what he feels the town ought to resemble and that it ought to adjust to his ideals.The Comtes power over the town is appeared in the responses of the townspeople when they find that Vianne is running a chocolate shop. Their responses incorporate â€Å"This surely is different†, which uncovers data that the town has no different shops like this one and that it is new and person. The music that plays while the townspeople are taking a gander at or entering the shop is splendid and enticing. This is an introduction of what's going on and of what is to originated from the impact of Viannes singularity on the townspeople.The Comte and Vianne effectsly affect the townspeople, attempting to cause them to accommodate or influencing their independence. The line among similarity and independence is fine. The Comte and Vianne speak to various limits of this line. Their effect on the townspeople is exceptionally solid and influences the entirety of the townspeople in an unexpected way. The Comte needs the townspeople to acclimate as one and he utilizes his position to attempt to accomplish this, yet Viannes nearness and her independence drives an adjustment in the musings of the townspeople and in the long run the Comte.

Term time again

Term time again There are two or three backlogged entries that I want/need to write. Unfortunately, with term starting up again, Ive been preoccupied with classes. Im doing a bad job at this regular updating thing. I promise that within the next few days, I will have another entry up. With photographs. I even know what its going to be about. Meanwhile, since Im being hosed by my classes, and some of you are probably curious about the classes offered at MIT, Ill dedicate this entry to describing them. Ive italicized the descrptions in the course catalogue, with my own impressions underneath. 7.05 (Biochemistry) Contributions of biochemistry toward an understanding of the structure and functioning of organisms, tissues, and cells. Chemistry and functions of constituents of cells and tissues and the chemical and physical-chemical basis for the structures of nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates. General metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and nitrogen-containing materials such as amino acids, proteins, and related compounds. Takes chemistry, a subject Im poor at, and applies it to biology, a subject Im good at. Well see how that turns out. The application part ought to make it easier to relate to the material. Id rather learn about proteins or metabolic pathways than chemical structures or the mechanisms of reactions anyway. Its inarguably important and useful for neuroscience. 9.09J/7.29J (Cellular Neurobiology) Introduction to the structure and function of the nervous system. Emphasizes the cellular properties of neurons and other excitable cells. Includes the structure and biophysical properties of excitable cells, synaptic transmission, neurochemistry, neurodevelopment, integration of information in simple systems, and detection and information coding during sensory transduction. Fun, interesting, and multidisciplinary. More quantitative than youd think (in general, neuroscience is more quantitative than your typcial physcial science/engineering person thinks). The professor, Chip Quinn, is nuts. In a good way. Its like, somebody threw my General Institute Requirements in a blender and added basic neuroscience I have to remember 7.013 (Biology), 5.112 (Chemistry), and 8.02 (EM Physics). 9.35 (Sensation and Perception) How senses work and how physical stimuli get transformed into signals in the nervous system. Examines how the brain uses those signals to determine whats out there in the world. All the senses are discussed with focus on vision. Topics include perception of color, motion, form, and depth. Graduate students are expected to complete additional work. It counts as a bioelectrical engineering elective if youre Course 6. We dabble in psychophysics, biophysics, optics, the biology of the eye, signal detection theory, and more, and we get to look at lots of cool optical illusions. I get to remember how to do convolutions, a topic I last saw in 18.03 (Differential Equations). 9.14 (Brain Structure and Its Origins) Outline of mammalian functional neuroanatomy, aided by studies of brain development, comparative neuroanatomy and evolution. Topics include early steps to a central nervous system, basic patterns of brain and spinal cord connections, regional development and differentiation, regeneration, motor and sensory pathways and structures, systems underlying motivations, innate action patterns, formation of habits, and various cognitive functions, and lab techniques. Optional brain dissections. Evolution is nifty. So is neuroanatomy. Right now, class involves me having a lot of flashbacks to 9.18 (Developmental Neurobiology), which I took last year. Theres a lot of vocabulary. Its a systems-y class, which I like. We havent done any brain dissections yet, though.

The Effects Of Unlawful Selling Of Organs Essay - 1744 Words

James Lind ENG-106 Monday, January 18, 2016 Mrs. Brownlee The effects of Unlawful Selling of Organs in America Our current transplant regimen is a qualified failure. Transplant operations have been basically flat for the last eight years. In 2013, over 4300 people died while waiting and about 3000 were permanently removed from the queue because they developed a medical condition that precluded transplant.1 â€Å"Twenty-seven years ago, the average wait for a deceased-donor kidney in the United States was about one year; now, the average wait is approaching five years†.2 In many parts of the country, it has reached a ten-year wait from listing to transplant if one can survive that long. Unlawful Selling of organs in America is a result of Substantially more people in America are going out of the country to receive the essential organ they need., People in America passing away awaiting an organ donation has risen. The need for organs has accelerated enormously benefiting the black-market industry. Unlawful Selling of organs in America is a result of substantially more people in America is going out of the country to receive the essential organ they need. Within the European Union, organ donation is governed by member states. As of 2010, 24 European countries provide some type of anticipated endorsement opt-out program, with the most significant and a little over priced opt-out approaches in Spain, Austria, and Belgium producing higher donor rates. In the United KingdomShow MoreRelatedThe Organ Trafficking Epidemic Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals partake in organ trafficking which shows that organ trafficking is a valid issue that must be handled. As of now, U.S. citizens are not prohibited to buy organs outside of the United States by NOTA (National Organ Transplant Act of 1984). In â€Å"Can The Government Ban Organ Sale? 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The main points Sanger brought to the public in her debate were focused on the outcomes of banning availability of birth control options to the public. This includes, the effect of abortion on the physical and psychological side of women’s life, the effect of family size on the wealth and child labor, and the consequences due to transmissible venereal disease. The increased in birth control movement forced legislators to change laws that prevent availability ofRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1604 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Trafficking One of the most serious crimes worldwide, human trafficking is the buying, selling, and transportation of people for the use of sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ removal. â€Å"Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act.† (What is human trafficking Homeland) It happens in the United States and foreign countries. 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Nonetheless, somewhere in the market, real persons are suffering and are going through this designated difficulty. They re both forcibly or with consent taken and forced to donate their organs or killed and their organs are harvested. They are individuals whose freedom and rights are trampled on and taken away. Ways of GettingRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1732 Words   |  7 PagesHaley Gooding Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors 6 April 2017 Human Trafficking One of the most serious crimes worldwide, human trafficking is the buying, selling, and transportation of people for the use of sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ removal. â€Å"Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act.† (What is human trafficking Homeland) It happens in the United States and foreign countries. Many people

Major General John Stark in the American Revolution

The son of Scottish immigrant Archibald Stark, John Stark was born at Nutfield (Londonderry), New Hampshire on August 28, 1728. The second of four sons, he moved with his family to Derryfield (Manchester) at age eight. Educated locally, Stark learned frontier skills such as lumbering, farming, trapping, and hunting from his father. He first came to prominence in April 1752 when he, his brother William, David Stinson, and Amos Eastman embarked on a hunting trip along the Baker River. Abenaki Captive During the course of the trip, the party was attacked by a group of Abenaki warriors. While Stinson was killed, Stark fought the Native Americans allowing William to escape. When the dust settled, Stark and Eastman were taken prisoner and forced to return with the Abenaki. While there, Stark was made to run a gauntlet of warriors armed with sticks. In the course of this trial, he grabbed a stick from an Abenaki warrior and commenced attacking him. This spirited action impressed the chief and after demonstrating his wilderness skills, Stark was adopted into the tribe.   Remaining with the Abenaki for part of the year, Stark studied their customs and ways. Eastman and Stark were later ransomed by a party sent from Fort No. 4 in Charlestown, NH. The cost of their release was $103 Spanish dollars for Stark and $60 for Eastman. After returning home, Stark planned a trip to explore the headwaters of the Androscoggin River the following year in an attempt to raise money to offset the cost of his release. Successfully completing this endeavor, he was selected by the General Court of New Hampshire to lead an expedition to explore the frontier. This moved forward in 1754 after word was received that the French were building a fort in northwest New Hampshire. Directed to protest this invasion, Stark and thirty men departed for the wilderness. Though they did find any French forces, they did explore the upper reaches of the Connecticut River. French Indian War With the beginning of the French Indian War in 1754, Stark began to contemplate military service. Two years later he joined Rogers Rangers as a lieutenant. An elite light infantry force, the Rangers performed scouting and special missions in support of British operations on the northern frontier. In January 1757, Stark played a key role at the Battle on Snowshoes near Fort Carillon. Having been ambushed, his men established a defensive line on a rise and provided cover while the rest of Rogers command retreated and joined their position. With the battle going against the rangers, Stark was sent south through heavy snow to bring reinforcements from Fort William Henry. The following year, the rangers took part in the opening stages of the Battle of Carillon. Briefly returning home in 1758 following his fathers death, Stark began courting Elizabeth Molly Page. The two were married on August 20, 1758 and ultimately had eleven children. The following year, Major General Jeffery Amherst ordered the rangers to mount a raid against the Abenaki settlement of St. Francis which had long been a base for raids against the frontier. As Stark had adopted family from his captivity in the village he excused himself from the attack. Leaving the unit in 1760, he returned to New Hampshire with the rank of captain. Peacetime Settling in Derryfield with Molly, Stark returned to peacetime pursuits. This saw him acquire a substantial estate in New Hampshire. His business efforts were soon hampered by a variety of new taxes, such as the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts, which quickly brought the colonies and London into conflict. With the passage of the Intolerable Acts in 1774 and occupation of Boston, the situation reached a critical level. The American Revolution Begins Following the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775 and the start of the American Revolution, Stark returned to military service. Accepting the colonelcy of the 1st New Hampshire Regiment on April 23, he quickly mustered his men and marched south to join the Siege of Boston. Establishing his headquarters in Medford, MA, his men joined thousands of other militiamen from around New England in blockading the city. On the night of June 16, American troops, fearing a British thrust against Cambridge, moved onto the Charlestown Peninsula and fortified Breeds Hill. This force, led by Colonel William Prescott, came under attack the next morning during the Battle of Bunker Hill. With British forces, led by Major General William Howe, preparing to attack, Prescott called for reinforcements. Responding to this call, Stark and Colonel James Reed rushed to the scene with their regiments. Arriving, a thankful Prescott gave Stark the latitude to deploy his men as he saw fit. Assessing the terrain, Stark formed his men behind a rail fence to the north of Prescotts redoubt on top of the hill. From this position, they repulsed several British attacks and inflicted heavy losses on Howes men. As Prescotts position faltered as his men ran out of ammunition, Starks regiment provided cover as they withdrew from the peninsula. When General George Washington arrived a few weeks later, he was quickly impressed with Stark. Continental Army In early 1776, Stark and his regiment were accepted into the Continental Army as the 5th Continental Regiment. Following the fall of Boston that March, it moved south with Washingtons army to New York. After aiding in bolstering the citys defenses, Stark received orders to take his regiment north to reinforce the American army that was retreating from Canada. Remaining in northern New York for much of the year, he returned south in December and rejoined Washington along the Delaware. Reinforcing Washingtons battered army, Stark took part in the morale-boosting victories at Trenton and Princeton later that month and in early January 1777. At the former, his men, serving in Major General John Sullivans division, launched a bayonet charge at the Knyphausen regiment and broke their resistance. With the conclusion of the campaign, the army moved into winter quarters at Morristown, NJ and much of Starks regiment departed as their enlistments were expiring. Controversy To replace the departed men, Washington asked Stark to return to New Hampshire to recruit additional forces. Agreeing, he left for home and began enlisting fresh troops. During this time, Stark learned that a fellow New Hampshire colonel, Enoch Poor, had been promoted to brigadier general. Having been passed over for promotion in the past, he was incensed as he believed Poor was a weak commander and lacked a successful record on the battlefield. In the wake of Poors promotion, Stark immediately resigned from the Continental Army though he indicated that he would serve again if New Hampshire was threatened. That summer, he accepted a commission as a brigadier general in the New Hampshire militia, but stated that he would only take the position if he was not answerable to the Continental Army. As the year progressed, a new British threat appeared in the north as Major General John Burgoyne prepared to invade south from Canada via the Lake Champlain corridor. Bennington After assembling a force of around 1,500 men at Manchester, Stark received orders from Major General Benjamin Lincoln to move to Charlestown, NH before joining the main American army along the Hudson River. Refusing to obey the Continental officer, Stark instead began operating against the rear of Burgoynes invading British army. In August, Stark learned that a detachment of Hessians intended to raid Bennington, VT. Moving to intercept, he was reinforced by 350 men under Colonel Seth Warner. Attacking the enemy at the Battle of Bennington on August 16, Stark badly mauled the Hessians and inflicted over fifty percent casualties on the enemy. The victory at Bennington boosted American morale in the region and contributed to key triumph at Saratoga later that fall. Promotion At Last For his efforts at Bennington, Stark accepted reinstatement into the Continental Army with the rank of brigadier general on October 4, 1777. In this role, he served intermittently as commander of the Northern Department as well as with Washingtons army around New York. In June 1780, Stark took part in the Battle of Springfield which saw Major General Nathanael Greene hold off a large British attack in New Jersey. Later that year, he sat on Greenes board of inquiry which investigated the betrayal of Major General Benedict Arnold and convicted British spy Major John Andre. With the end of the war in 1783, Stark was called to Washingtons headquarters where he was personally thanked for his service and given a brevet promotion to major general. Returning to New Hampshire, Stark retired from public life and pursued farming and business interests. In 1809, he declined an invitation to attend a reunion of Bennington veterans due to ill health. Though unable to travel, he sent a toast to be read at the event which stated, Live free or die: Death is not the worst of evils. The first part, Live Free or Die, was later adopted as the state motto of New Hampshire. Living to the age of 94, Stark died on May 8, 1822 and was buried in Manchester.

Real Choices at Starbucks Free Essays

Real Choices at Starbucks Starbucks started as small coffee shop in a tourist area called Pikes Place Market in Seattle. The three unknown pioneer of Starbucks wanted to share their passion for brewed coffee and tea. During their first year in the business, they experimented with all sorts of coffee blend until they came up with their own flavor. We will write a custom essay sample on Real Choices at Starbucks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Their business became an instant success using the word of mouth selling brewed coffee cup by cup. This is what inspired them to open a second store to target the wider market. By the early 1980’s, Starbucks expanded to four new stores in Seattle area. Since then, they became the largest retail company in the world. This coffee company grew from four Starbucks store to having currently 16,635 stores globally including 11,068 in the United States, 1000 stores in Canada, and more than 800 in Japan (Salomon 271). This amazing expansion can be attributed to Howard Shultz’s dedication to brewing coffee who bought the coffee’s trademark twenty five years ago. The main reason Starbucks has done so well for four decades can be attributed to their commitment to high quality products and passion for educating customers to appreciate the qualities of fine coffees. Strength Starbucks has become a popular company for selling the best tasting coffee products around the world. As a result, everyone saw Starbucks as the biggest and best in the business (Higbee 6). They acquired a solid brand reputation and have a world renowned company logo. There are no other national coffee bar competitors in the same scale as Starbucks. They are the only competitor in the coffee business that has a recognized brand image. They also own trademarks, copyrights, domain names, patents. The current SEC filing of Starbucks shows that the company is in a positive financial condition. The company’s total revenue for the first quarter of fiscal 2012 had increased sixteen percent and the net income was up more than ten percent (Smith, http://wallstcheatsheet. com/). This result was primarily driven by increase revenues from company-operated stores, licensed stores, and CPG foodservice contributing to approximately $3. 44 billion (http://investing. businessweek. com/). The overall areas of Starbucks business, from domestic and international retail operations to the company’s specialty businesses delivered strong financial performance, and innovation was the reason for the success of the company’s operations. The statement below shows the current financial status of the company as of January 1, 2012. Financial Statements Results of Operations (in millions) Revenues Quarter Ended ___________________________ Jan 1, Jan 2 % 2012 2011 Change _________ ________ ________ Company-operated stores $ 2,731. 8 $ 2,451. 3 11. 4% Licensed stores 306. 6 254. 3 20. 6 CPG, foodservice and other 397. 245. 3 62. 0 Total net revenues $ 3,435. 9 $ 2,950. 8 16. 4% Weakness Even though Starbucks has strength to stay in the business, it also has a few weaknesses. Starbucks must deal with these weaknesses in order to remain as a competitor in the retail market. One of the company’s most prevalent obstacles is the price they charge for a cup of coffee. While most people consider Starbucks coffee as a luxury and would pay whatever price is set, there is an increasing opinion that Starbucks charges too much (Higbee 7). Sometimes it is difficult for a company to penetrate the mass market with the prices above market averages. While this weakness may not come to reality in the short term, it is possible that this company is somewhat maturing since they have grown so rapidly penetrating the U. S. market. Opportunities Opportunities present themselves when it comes to Starbucks business strategy which provided the options to strengthen its retail market. Starbucks would not be able to effectively compete with its competitors if it not with these opportunities. They continued their quest by expanding its retail operations and sales. They pursued other opportunities by introducing new products and develop new channels to stay on top. Starbucks is in great position to expand its global business more that they already have. Since they expanded to Europe, Canada, and Japan, they enjoyed much success in these countries and their future plan is to open more Starbucks in Asia, Latin America, and the Far East. Starbucks also created numerous partnerships that will ensure its longevity for a long time. Formed a partnership with Pepsi Company and created a coffee type bottled drink called Frappucino. These Frappucino bottles were currently being sold in shops, grocery stores, and convenient stores. This drink has grown in popularity in the past that it was labeled by the consumers as â€Å"the coffee on the go† (Higbee 6). In addition, Starbucks also partnered with Target that pave the way to opening a coffee shop inside the shopping center. Threats One of the major threats to Starbucks is their competition with other coffee chain, such as Coffee Bean and Peet’s Coffee. Other companies, such as McDonalds, Dunkin Donuts, and Burger King already have the infrastructure in place and are instead adding quality coffee to their menu to compete with Starbucks (Higbee 8). But for one thing, many people enjoy buying coffee even though it is pricey because of the environment and experience that allow people to enjoy, relax, and mingle while sipping a cup of coffee. Other threats to Starbucks are the gas station and restaurants industry. Many people are in the habit of buying breakfast and coffee at the local gas stations such as 7 Eleven. This practice is done mostly out of habit, but also for convenience especially for morning paper paired with a cup of coffee before going to work. Many consumers are also attracted by the convenience and the economics of the big mug cup of coffee they can obtain. Other consumer concerns are the trend towards more healthy ways. More and more people are becoming aware of the risk in consumption of caffeine. Too much caffeine can produce restlessness, nausea, headache, tense muscles, sleep disturbances, and irregular heartbeats. Caffeine can also increase the production of stomach acid that causes acid reflux. And finally, the price of coffee is so volatile that it remained as the biggest complaint by its customers. Recommendation Starbucks has created such a strong corporate culture and strong work values that it allows a company to successfully engage in product diversification. However, amongst the first thing that Starbucks needs to have is to define their brand image by lowering the coffee prices. It needs to be conveyed to the market in a precise manner, so that there would be no confusion amid Starbucks customer complaints. This is vital if Starbucks wanted to maintain its domestic market share competing with the likes of McDonald, Dunkin Donut, and Burger King. They must resolve all the consumer concerns so that they can embark on another project with smooth transition. Conclusion Overall, as long as Starbucks maintains and promotes a strong quality product without deterring from its corporate-level strategy, it will always have number of opportunities ahead. There is a very strong base for this company which will allow it to pursue desired avenues with aggressiveness and confidence. Works Cited Salomon M, Marshall G, Stuart E, Marketing: Real People Real Choice 7th Ed. P. cm. Higbee J, Liaw Z, Ting C, Tjho K, Ton M, The Future of Starbucks, http://www. mcafee. cc/Classes/BEM106/Papers/2008/Starbucks. pdf Smith G, Cost of Coffee Could Squeeze Starbucks, http://wallstcheatsheet. com/stocks/cost-of-coffee-could-squeeze-starbucks. html/ United States Securities and Exchange Commission, FORM 10-Q, http://investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/financials/drawFiling. asp? docKey=137-000119312512032427-56VATRT3JVABGO7FIGIBD5RTCJdocFormat=HTMformType=10-Q#D270627D10Q_HTM_TX270627_3 How to cite Real Choices at Starbucks, Essay examples

Undertaken Based Ontology And Epistemology â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Undertaken Based Ontology And Epistemology? Answer: Introduction Change management is the process of to make the individuals flexible with the changing environment in an organization. However, in a change management process different practices are included that redefine and redirect the budget allocation use of resources and mode of operation as these are necessary to manage the changes in an organization. However, in Australia change management is considered as the formal vocation in the workplace in order to develop the national competency standard(Albrechts, 2017). For any organization, it is crucial to managing the new changes in their system as changes are crucial to meet the organizational goal. This assignment deals with the change management in the context of Woolworths, which is a popular supermarket in Australia. The analysis of the change management in this organization will be undertaken based on the ontology and epistemology. However, such two theoretical perspectives are beneficial to understand the change management process in an or ganization Identification of the two different theoretical perspectives Ontology and the epistemology are two well known theoretical perspectives that are applied in the managing organizational change. Ontologies are associated with the knowledge sharing methods. Models based on the ontology bring changes in a traditional system. However, ontology makes the change in the business requirements. The ontology includes four phases that reveal the change management system and identifies the higher level of the ontology pattern. Change operationalization is the first phase of the ontology(Allen, Jimmieson, Irmer, 2007). This phase focuses on the domain specificity that is associated with the change operators. However, the real changes in a particular domain can be undertaken by this layer of change. The first two layer of the operator framework is associated with the generic changes that can be applied in any domain. Moreover, changes in a particular domain are identified by this phase. Phase two focuses on the change representation in an organization. However, layered change logs support the implementation of the operator framework(Alvesson Skldberg, 2009). The higher level of ontology changes highlights on the change pattern within an organization. Phase three reveals that the atomic change operation is associated with the addition or the deletion of any particular knowledge associated with the change management(Sveningsson, 2015). Therefore, stage four focuses on the discovery of the change management in particular domain in an organization. However, this highlights on the reusable change process that can be incorporated into the existing system of the knowledge management. Epistemology is another theoretical perspective associated with the change management. This theory focuses on the nature of the knowledge, rationality of the thinking and justification. Epistemology also includes areas like philosophical analysis, scope, and source of the knowledge, identification of the problem and justification of knowledge(Anderson, 2015). According to the ontology perspective organizational change can be defined as the alteration of the existing knowledge to meet the organizational objectives. However, ontology is associated with knowledge sharing. Hence, in order to bring the changes in an organization, it is important to improve the existing knowledge that can be done by sharing the knowledge(Armstrong Taylor, 2014). On the other hand, according to epistemology organizational change can be defined as the new opportunities to implement new practices in an organizational system by identifying the issues. However, epistemology is associated with scope, problem identification, and justification. Organizational change is based on the ontology and the epistemology has a relationship as both theoretical perspectives focus on the sharing, scope, and source of the knowledge(Ashforth, Harrison, Corley, 2008). In order to bring changes in an organization improvement of the knowledge is crucial. In the context of an organization, employees need to accumulate more knowledge and to improve their existing knowledge to implement any changes in an organization. However, incorporation of any changes in an organization without proper knowledge affects the performance of the business. Hence, both ontology and epistemology are linked with the framework of the change management. Ontology reveals the knowledge sharing for change management while epistemology reveals identification of problem and scopes to mitigate such problem. Hence, a close link can be found between two definitions as to implement new changes by detecting the organizational issues knowledge sharing is crucial(Balmer, 2008). Brief introduction of the organization Woolworths is a well known Australian supermarket and specialized for selling groceries all over the Australia. Apart from the groceries, this organization sells stationery items, magazines and DVDs also. At present Woolworths operates around 1000 stores in Australia and 968 supermarkets. This organization established in 1924 in Australia. They sell the variety of consumer goods including vegetables, meat, packaged food and fruits as the grocery items. The mission of Woolworths is to provide value to their customers and security to their employees by providing them financial service. Their vision is to provide excellent service to their customers with low price. Woolworths follows matrix structure in their organization. Their main strategy is to reduce the operation cost and to provide high-quality product at low price. One of the major issues of Woolworths is to maintain the speed of utilizing the technological advancement with other competitors. In the recent years, a large number of retailers are operating in the same market segment in Australia that may bring a major challenge for Woolworths to gain competitive advantages in the global market. Apart from this the low pricing strategy of Woolworths will be beneficial for them to get the valuable position in the market(Woolworths, 2017). Identification and description of the change that occurred in Woolworths Several changes have taken place in Woolworths since last few years one of the most important changes is the reshuffling of the management team in Woolworths. In order to measure the performance of the employees and to introduce the new strategy for the development of low price, Woolworths has reshuffled its management team. Woolworths is associated with the home improvement besides selling the food products. This change has been done to analyze the effectiveness of the implemented strategies in achieving the organizational goal. This change is applied in the home improvement segment of Woolworths. The reshuffling of the management team for the performance measurement of a specific domain involves in generating detailed information of such specific unit (Burke, 2017). Performance measurement is crucial for every organization as based on which an organization is able to gain the success(Bauman, 1988). Performance of such domain has been measured based on their income. Performance measurement of such group not only includes a review report but also financial cost, revenue, and expenses of such group that is calculated in this process. The CEO, human resource director, and the hierarchy are involved in this change management process. However, reshuffling of the management team causes the employee engagement those are associated with the administration. Therefore, it also creates a difficult situation for some team members in the management of home improvement group as it leads them to become worried about their work. However, the team members are habituated with their particular team work. Hence, reshuffling of the team creates an uncomfortable and challenging working environment for them as the employees have to work with the new team. Relationship between the change management of Woolworths and ontological and epistemological change management theories According to the ontology, the change in an organization is the improvement of the existing knowledge(Beech, MacIntosh, Krust, Kannan, Dadich, 2017). In the context of Woolworths, they have reshuffled their management team for the home improvement domain that focuses on the enhancement of the existing knowledge of the employees. However, reshuffling of the management team leads the employees to work with new people in a new environment. That allows the employees to share their knowledge with other team members and to learn new things from their team members(Berger Luckmann, 1991). On the other hand, as per the epistemology change brings new opportunity to establish the new practice in the organizational system. However, reshuffling of the team in Woolworths is a new practice that will enhance collaboration between the employees and bring new opportunity to improve their learning skill to maximize their performance. SWOT analysis S-Strength Market leader in the Australian retail industry Having strong resources Low price with high-quality product Effective operational approaches W-Weakness Adoption of later online marketing Growth strategy is affected by the external environment Low price leads to face huge competition T-Threat High price of the raw materials affects the profit margin Economic recession resists the growth strategy by opening more store O-Opportunity Brand promotion through advertising Expand the growth through franchise models Table 1: SWOT analysis of Woolworths Source:(Woolworths, 2017) Analysis According to the above SWOT analysis of Woolworths, it has been found that Woolworths is one of the leading brands in the Australian retail sectors and has strong resources that lead the organization to show effective operation management. However, one of the most important weaknesses is poor growth strategy and huge competition in the market. Therefore, rising price of the raw materials and economic recession affects the business profitability in context on Woolworths. Hence, it has been addressed that to reduce the high competition in the market Woolworths needs to increase the performance of their team members. For this reason, the reshuffling of the management team has been done by this organization. Team reshuffling leads the employees to learn more and to take challenges. In order to minimize the huge competition employee development is crucial for any organization(Boje, 2012). For this reason, team reshuffling is a good idea of Woolworth. However, there is the opportunity for the brand promotion for Woolworths based on their strengths that also can be achieved through the team shuffling of management. Based on the SWOT analysis of the Woolworths, their current market position is good in Australian retail industry as they are the present market leader in the retail markets. However, an emerging competition is noticed for the Woolworths that highlights on the present threat for such organization. Hence, implementation of the team reshuffling is a big initiative for the Woolworths to maximize the performance of their employees in their organization that will enhance their profitability as well as their competitive advantages(Anderson, 2015). Benefits and drawbacks of SWOT analysis in context of business Business SWOT analysis is used by the organization to understand the strength and weakness of an organization (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). However, the strength of an organization enables them to accomplish their objectives while weakness affects the efficiency of the organization. In the context of Woolworths through the business SWOT analysis, this organization is able to carry out to give shape their strategic planning for the implementation of the new change in an organization. On the other hand, for the introduction of the new approach in a business SWOT analysis is vital for the business organization (Allen et al., 2007). However, the current need of the reshuffling of the management team is understood by the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis reveals the current strength of the Woolworths that ensures the success of the team reshuffling while the weakness and threat of the Woolworths are also determined by the SWOT analysis. According to the business SWOT of Woolworth's huge competition is the major weakness of such organization in the recent years. In order to cope up with such challenge, they need to increase their team performance, which can be done through team reshuffling. SWOT analysis is a cost effective manner that can be done without any special training and technological skill(Brown, 2017). This analysis reveals the current position of Woolworths and the need of implementing new changes in this organization. SWOT analysis has some disadvantages besides its advantages. However, the SWOT analysis reveals the issues only based on the weakness while there is no account of alternative ways to minimize the issues(Malgas Benedict, 2017). However, in the context of Woolworths their weakness is defined in the SWOT analysis that shows the huge competition and poor growth strategies. However, the solution is not mentioned to come over such weakness. Therefore, the SWOT analysis gives a lot of information regarding the organization while all information is not vital to identify the current position of the organization. Role of the change agents Several factors are associated with the change management in an organization one of the most important is globalization(McCalman, Paton, Siebert, 2016). However, due to globalization, the leadership challenges occur in an organization that leads the organization to manage the changes. In the context of Woolworths, they have implemented the reshuffling of the management team in order to enhance the team performance. In order to cope up with the leadership challenge, the team reshuffling is crucial for the Woolworths to bring improvement in the performance of such organization. On the other hand, workforce diversity is another agent of change management. Workforce diversity refers to a variety of people based on the religion, age, cognitive style, culture and education(Morin, et al., 2016). However, it is important for any organization to bring cultural diversity in the workplace to enhance the collaborative work in an organization. Team reshuffling is a vital approach to maintain the workforce diversity in Woolworths. The reshuffling of the management team leads the employees to interact with the people belong from different cultures, which enable an organization to share information and improve the performance level of the organization(Rosenbaum, More, Steane, 2017). Organizational structure is another change agent that invites the implementation of the changes in an organization. Woolworths made the changes for their home improvement domain thus they have reshuffled the management team. Such particular domain is associated with the organizational structure of Woolworths. Hence, to improve the organizational structure for their home improvement team reshuffling the team members can give significant outcomes for Woolworths. Financial performance is another vital agent that facilitates changes in an organization. However, to enhance the financial performance some specific changes have been done by the organization(Volberda, Mihalache, Fey, Lewin, 2017). Employee performance is related to the financial performance. Thus Woolworths has reshuffled their management team to bring opportunity for their home improvement domain. Team reshuffling leads the team members of a particular team to work with another team. This allows the employees to learn a lot of information from their colleagues and to develop the innovative idea that will enhance their performance level as well as the profitability of the organization. Performance measurement is a big change management agent that brings changes in an organization(Balmer, 2008). It has been addressed previously that in order to measure the performance Woolworths has reshuffled their management team. Team reshuffling changes the working procedures of the employees and they have to work in a new environment with the new team. This is a good process to measure the performance of the employees as through this process the organization will analyze the skill of the employees. Hence, this change agent enables the Woolworths to understand the level of skill of the management team in the home improvement domain. Accountability of the leader can be addressed through the change management(Berger Luckmann, 1991). Team reshuffling in Woolworths also enables this organization to measure the accountability of the employees. However, it is a big challenge for the leader to lead the new people in the team as this situation occurs through the team reshuffling. Hence, if the leader is able to cooperate with the new people and to improve the team performance this will ensure the accountability of the leader. Thus the implementing new changes in an organization reveal the performance and the accountability of the leader of a team. Hence these above agents are associated with incorporation of the new changes in an organization and role of such agents are addressed in the context of Woolworths to manage the reshuffling of management teams within this organization(Roth DiBella, 2016). Critical discussion of problem centric and dialog approaches of change management Problem centric approaches focus on the learning environment to improve the knowledge and to solve the organizational problem(Seipel, Weth, Abreu, Nogatz, Werner, 2016). However, the problem centered approaches act as the vehicle in order to meet the organizational objectives and goals. One of the most important stages of problem centric approach is to engage the individuals in their work and to improve their performance level. Problem centric approach insists the employees give more efforts to implement changes in an organization. However, problem centric approach allows the people to get experience by facing any problem. One of the important characters of the problem centric approach is it allows the individuals to be capable to direct themselves and also guide themselves to resolve any problem. Hence, the employees are able to guide themselves through the problem centric approach in change management. On the other hand, identification of the civic responsibility of the employees regarding their work is another part of the problem centric approach. Direct participation in various activities is a good example of the problem centric approach. In the context of Woolworth's change can be implemented in this organization by adopting the problem centric approaches. Such curriculum enables the employees to recognize the exact problem and to develop the possible solution to minimize such problem. Therefore, the individuals are considered as the problem solver in this phase of the change management(Roth DiBella, 2016). Problem-based learning is the main stage of the problem centered approach that is significant for the employees to gather knowledge from solving any problem. One of the major mistakes that occur during the change management is the failure of the proper communication. However, often the leader fails to develop cooperation and to bring positive effect on the change management through the dialog. Expansion of the involvement and influence are the core areas of the change management. According to the core belief of the dialog approach, it is important for the organization to initiate and sustain the changes in an organization by involving people in an organization(Balmer, 2008). This strategy enables an organization to maximize the cooperation between the employees. However, the dialog is a vital element of the change process as though this approach the leader gets the scope to share and communicate with the vision of change management. Therefore, the employees also show their concern and ideas regarding the implemented changes in an organization. Ontology theory has four stages among these stages phase two that refer the change representation is associated with both dialog and problem centric approaches. However, change representation is a process that enables the organization to communicate with the implemented changes(Berger Luckmann, 1991). In the context of the dialog, approach leader needs to give proper dialog to their employees regarding the new changes in an organization. Hence, this focuses on the representation of the change management as communication with the implemented changes is categorized under the representation of the change management. Through the specific dialog, the leader in an organization gives the idea to the employees on how the change can be implemented. Moreover, it can be said that dialog approach is a practice to represent the change elements in an organization. On the other hand, problem centric approach highlights on the problem-based learning. Hence, employees in an organization can represen t their skill and knowledge to bring changes in an organization that they have achieved from resolving any problem. However, employees obtain knowledge from facing problems. In order to implement new changes in an organizational system, the employees shared their experience and knowledge with other. This makes them cooperative and to represent the way to manage changes in an organization. Hence, it is justified that representation of the new changes can be done by using problem centric and dialog based approaches(Volberda, Mihalache, Fey, Lewin, 2017). Benefits and drawbacks of the problem centric and dialog based approaches Long term retention of the knowledge is one of the advantages of the problem centric approach. However, problem-based learning enables the employees to improve their capabilities in solving issues(Armstrong Taylor, 2014). Therefore, continuous engagement is another benefit of the problem centric approach as it increases employee engagement in the change management process. This approach also improves the interpersonal skill and the teamwork. One of the major drawbacks of problem centric approach focuses that it is very time-consuming. However, this approach takes more time to make the communication in a team and to complete the task that hampers the efficiency of the team. On the other hand, employees can be benefited from the dialog based approach as the leader is able to share detailed information regarding the change management and the employees are able to get a clear idea about the new changes. The drawback of dialog approach is it often causes isolation as the employees prefer to learn based on their own capabilities rather than taking instruction from the leader. In the context of Woolworths, they have implemented reshuffling of the management team in their organization as a change to measure the performance of the employees. For this change management problem, the centric approach will be beneficial. This approach will enhance the skill and knowledge of the team members and they get experience from different challenges. Application of such approach will improve the employee engagement and the team performance as the reshuffling of the team leads the team members to work in a new environment and with new peoples. For this reason, they understand the needs of sharing information and knowledge through collaborative work to cope up with such new changes(Albrechts, 2017). Conclusion The above piece of work reveals different elements of the ontology theory and epistemology to understand the change management in an organization. However, ontology theory includes four perspectives to evaluate the change management process. 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